English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Context. In order to understand galaxy evolution, it is essential to measurestar formation rates (SFRs) across Cosmic times. Aims. The use of radiocontinuum emission as an extinction-free star formation tracer necessitates agood understanding of the influence of cosmic-ray electron (CRE) transport thatwe are aiming to improve with this work. Methods. We analyse the spatiallyresolved radio continuum-star-formation rate (radio-SFR) relation in 15 nearbygalaxies using data from the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and the WesterborkSynthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 144 and 1365 MHz, respectively. The hybridSFR maps are based on observations with Spitzer at 24 $ {\mu}$m and with GALEXat 156 nm. Our pixel-by-pixel analysis at 1.2 kpc resolution reveals the usualsublinear radio-SFR relation for local measurements which can be linearisedwith a smoothing experiment, convolving the hybrid SFR map with a Gaussiankernel that provides us with the CRE transport length. Results. CRE transportcan be described as energy-independent isotropic diffusion. If we consider onlyyoung CREs as identified with the radio spectral index, we find a linearrelation showing the influence of cosmic-ray transport. We then define the CREcalorimetric efficiency as the ratio of radio-to-hybrid SFR surface density andshow that it is a function of the radio spectral index. If we correct theradio-SFR relation for the CRE calorimetric efficiency parametrised with theradio spectral index, it becomes nearly linear with a slope of $1.01\pm 0.02$independent of frequency. Conclusions. The corrected radio-SFR relation isuniversal and holds, both, for global and local measurements.

Nearby galaxies in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey III. Influence of cosmic-ray transport on the radio-SFR relation