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International research collaboration among global scientific powerhouses hasexhibited a discernible trend towards convergence in recent decades. Notably,the US and China have significantly fortified their collaboration acrossdiverse scientific disciplines, solidifying their status as a national-levelduopoly in global scientific knowledge production. However, recent reports hintat a potential decline in collaboration between these two giants, even amidstthe backdrop of advancing global convergence. Understanding the intricateinterplay between cooperation and disparity within the US-China relationship isvital for both academia and policy leaders, as it provides invaluable insightsinto the potential future trajectory of global science collaboration. Despiteits significance, there remains a noticeable dearth of quantitative evidencethat adequately encapsulates the dynamism across disciplines and over time. Tobridge this knowledge gap, this study delves into the evolving landscape ofinteraction between the US and China over recent decades. This investigationemploys two approaches, one based on paper identifiers and the other onresearcher identifiers, both obtained from bibliometric data sourced fromOpenAlex. From both approaches, our findings unveil the unique and dynamicnature of the US-China relationship, characterised by a collaboration patterninitially marked by rapid convergence, followed by a recent phase ofdivergence.

Evolving landscape of US-China science collaboration: Convergence and divergence