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HDF850.1 is the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the Hubble DeepField. It is known as a heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxy embedded inan overdense environment at $z = 5.18$. With nine-band NIRCam images at 0.8-5.0$\mu$m obtained through the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), wedetect and resolve the rest-frame UV-optical counterpart of HDF850.1, whichsplits into two components because of heavy dust obscuration in the center. Thesouthern component leaks UV and H$\alpha$ photons, bringing the galaxy$\sim$100 times above the empirical relation between infrared excess and UVcontinuum slope (IRX-$\beta_\mathrm{UV}$). The northern component is higher indust attenuation and thus fainter in UV and H$\alpha$ surface brightness. Weconstruct a spatially resolved dust attenuation map from the NIRCam images,well matched with the dust continuum emission obtained through millimeterinterferometry. The whole system hosts a stellar mass of$10^{10.8\pm0.1}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and star-formation rate of$10^{2.8\pm0.2}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, placing the galaxy at themassive end of the star-forming main sequence at this epoch. We further confirmthat HDF850.1 resides in a complex overdense environment at $z=5.17-5.30$,which hosts another luminous SMG at $z=5.30$ (GN10). The filamentary structuresof the overdensity are characterized by 109 H$\alpha$-emitting galaxiesconfirmed through NIRCam slitless spectroscopy at 3.9-5 $\mu$m, of which onlyeight were known before the JWST observations. Given the existence of a similargalaxy overdensity in the GOODS-S field, our results suggest that $50\pm20$% ofthe cosmic star formation at $z=5.1-5.5$ occur in protocluster environments.

JADES: Resolving the Stellar Component and Filamentary Overdense Environment of HST-Dark Submillimeter Galaxy HDF850.1 at $z=5.18$