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Plasmonic optical nanoantennas offer compelling solutions for enhancinglight-matter interactions at the nanoscale. However, until now, their focus hasbeen mainly limited to the visible and near-infrared regions, overlooking theimmense potential of the ultraviolet (UV) range, where molecules exhibit theirstrongest absorption. Here, we present the realization of UV resonant nanogapantennas constructed from paired rhodium nanocubes. Rhodium emerges as a robustalternative to aluminum, offering enhanced stability in wet environments andensuring reliable performance in the UV range. Our results showcase thenanoantenna ability to enhance the UV autofluorescence of label-freestreptavidin and hemoglobin proteins. We achieve significant enhancements ofthe autofluorescence brightness per protein by up to 120-fold, and reachzeptoliter detection volumes enabling UV autofluorescence correlationspectroscopy (UV-FCS) at high concentrations of several tens of micromolar. Weinvestigate the modulation of fluorescence photokinetic rates and reportexcellent agreement between experimental results and numerical simulations.This work expands the applicability of plasmonic nanoantennas into the deep UVrange, unlocking the investigation of label-free proteins at physiologicalconcentrations.

Ultraviolet Resonant Nanogap Antennas with Rhodium Nanocube Dimers for Enhancing Protein Intrinsic Autofluorescence