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One of the key questions on active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy clustersis how AGN could affect the formation and evolution of member galaxies andgalaxy clusters in the history of the Universe. To address this issue, weinvestigate the dependence of AGN number fraction ($f_{\rm AGN}$) on clusterredshift ($z_{\rm cl}$) and distance from the cluster center ($R/R_{\rm 200}$).We focus on more than 27,000 galaxy groups and clusters at $0.1 < z_{\rm cl} <1.4$ with more than 1 million member galaxies selected from the Subaru HyperSuprime-Cam. By combining various AGN selection methods based on infrared (IR),radio, and X-ray data, we identify 2,688 AGN. We find that (i) $f_{\rm AGN}$increases with $z_{\rm cl}$ and (ii) $f_{\rm AGN}$ decreases with $R/R_{\rm200}$. The main contributors to the rapid increase of $f_{\rm AGN}$ towardshigh-$z$ and cluster center are IR- and radio-selected AGN, respectively. Thoseresults indicate that the emergence of the AGN population depends on theenvironment and redshift, and galaxy groups and clusters at high-$z$ play animportant role in AGN evolution. We also find that cluster-cluster mergers maynot drive AGN activity in at least the cluster center, while we have tentativeevidence that cluster-cluster mergers would enhance AGN activity in theoutskirts of (particularly massive) galaxy clusters.

AGN number fraction in galaxy groups and clusters at z < 1.4 from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey