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We employ a model based on nucleonic and mesonic degrees of freedom todiscuss the competition between isotropic and anisotropic phases in cold anddense matter. Assuming isotropy, the model exhibits a chiral phase transitionwhich is of second order in the chiral limit and becomes a crossover in thecase of a realistic pion mass. This observation crucially depends on thepresence of the nucleonic vacuum contribution. Allowing for an anisotropicphase in the form of a chiral density wave can disrupt the smooth crossover. Weidentify the regions in the parameter space of the model where a chiral densitywave is energetically preferred. A high-density re-appearance of the chiraldensity wave with unphysical behavior, as seen in previous studies, is avoidedby a suitable renormalization scheme. A nonzero pion mass tends to disfavor theanisotropic phase compared to the chiral limit and we find that, within ourmodel, the chiral density wave is only realized for baryon densities of atleast about 6 times nuclear saturation density.

Chiral crossover vs chiral density wave in dense nuclear matter