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Cellulose, as a naturally abundant and biocompatible material, is stillgaining interest due to its high potential for functionalization. This makescellulose a promising candidate for replacing plastics. Understanding howcellulose interacts with various additives is crucial for creating compositematerials with diverse properties, as it is the case for plastics. In addition,the mechanical properties of the composite materials are assumed to be relatedto the mobility of the additives against the cellulose. Using a well-definedcellulose model surface (CMS), we aim to understand the adsorption anddesorption of two polymeric particles (core-shell particles and microgels)to/from the cellulose surface. The nanomechanics of particles and CMS arequantified by indentation measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM).AFM topography measurements quantified particle adsorption and desorption onthe CMS, while peak force AFM measurements determined the force needed to moveindividual particles. Both particles and the CMS exhibited pH-dependent chargebehavior, allowing a tunable interaction between them. Particle adsorption wasirreversible and driven by electrostatic forces. In contrast, desorption andparticle mobility forces are dominated by structural morphology. In addition,we found that an annealing procedure consisting of swelling/drying cyclessignificantly increased the adhesion strength of both particles. Using thedata, we achieve a deeper understanding of the interaction of cellulose withpolymeric particles, with the potential to advance the development offunctional materials and contribute to various fields, including smartpackaging, sensors, and biomedical applications.

Conceptualizing flexible papers using cellulose model surfaces and polymer particles