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3D ultrasound imaging provides more spatial information compared toconventional 2D frames by considering the volumes of data. One of the mainbottlenecks of 3D imaging is the long data acquisition time which reducespracticality and can introduce artifacts from unwanted patient or sonographermotion. This paper introduces the first shear wave absolute vibro-elastography(S-WAVE) method with real-time volumetric acquisition using a matrix arraytransducer. In SWAVE, an external vibration source generates mechanicalvibrations inside the tissue. The tissue motion is then estimated and used insolving a wave equation inverse problem to provide the tissue elasticity. Amatrix array transducer is used with a Verasonics ultrasound machine and framerate of 2000 volumes/s to acquire 100 radio frequency (RF) volumes in 0.05 s.Using plane wave (PW) and compounded diverging wave (CDW) imaging methods, weestimate axial, lateral and elevational displacements over 3D volumes. The curlof the displacements is used with local frequency estimation to estimateelasticity in the acquired volumes. Ultrafast acquisition extends substantiallythe possible S-WAVE excitation frequency range, now up to 800 Hz, enabling newtissue modeling and characterization. The method was validated on threehomogeneous liver fibrosis phantoms and on four different inclusions within aheterogeneous phantom. The homogeneous phantom results show less than 8% (PW)and 5% (CDW) difference between the manufacturer values and the correspondingestimated values over a frequency range of 80 Hz to 800 Hz. The estimatedelasticity values for the heterogeneous phantom at 400 Hz excitation frequencyshow average errors of 9% (PW) and 6% (CDW) compared to the provided averagevalues by MRE. Furthermore, both imaging methods were able to detect theinclusions within the elasticity volumes.

3D Ultrafast Shear Wave Absolute Vibro-Elastography using a Matrix Array Transducer