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The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron studies theonset of deconfinement in strongly interacting matter through a beam energyscan of particle production in collisions of nuclei of varied sizes. This paperpresents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentumand rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities of $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, $p$and $\bar{p}$ produced in $^{40}$Ar+$^{45}$Sc collisions at beam momenta of13$A$, 19$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 75$A$ and 150$A$ GeV/$c$. The analysis uses the 10%most central collisions, where the observed forward energy defines centrality.The energy dependence of the $K^\pm$/$\pi^\pm$ ratios as well as of inverseslope parameters of the $K^\pm$ transverse mass distributions are placed inbetween those found in inelastic $p$+$p$ and central Pb+Pb collisions. Theresults obtained here establish a system-size dependence of hadron productionproperties that so far cannot be explained either within statistical (SMES,HRG) or dynamical (EPOS, UrQMD, PHSD, SMASH) models.

Measurements of $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, $p$ and $\bar{p}$ spectra in $^{40}$Ar+$^{45}$Sc collisions at 13$A$ to 150$A$ GeV/$c$