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The first measurements of skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum($\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$) fluctuations are reported in Pb$-$Pb collisionsat $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, Xe$-$Xe collisions at$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ $=$ 5.44 TeV and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeVusing the ALICE detector. The measurements are carried out as a function ofsystem size $\langle\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta\rangle_{|\eta|<0.5}^{1/3}$, usingcharged particles with transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) and pseudorapidity($\eta$), in the range $0.2 < p_\mathrm{T} < 3.0$ GeV/$c$ and $|\eta| < 0.8$,respectively. In Pb$-$Pb and Xe$-$Xe collisions, positive skewness is observedin the fluctuations of $\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$ for all centralities,which is significantly larger than what would be expected in the scenario ofindependent particle emission. This positive skewness is considered a crucialconsequence of the hydrodynamic evolution of the hot and dense nuclear mattercreated in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, similar observations of positiveskewness for minimum bias pp collisions are also reported here. Kurtosis of$\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$ fluctuations is found to be in good agreementwith the kurtosis of Gaussian distribution, for most central Pb$-$Pbcollisions. Hydrodynamic model calculations with MUSIC using Monte CarloGlauber initial conditions are able to explain the measurements of bothskewness and kurtosis qualitatively from semicentral to central collisions inPb--Pb system. Color reconnection mechanism in PYTHIA8 model seems to play apivotal role in capturing the qualitative behavior of the same measurements inpp collisions.

Skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum fluctuations at the LHC energies