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An ideal proton exchange membrane should only permeate protons and be leaktight for fuels. Graphene is impermeable to water and poorly conducting toprotons. Here, we chemically functionalized monolayer graphene to installsulfophenylated sp3 dislocations by diazotization. Selective to protons,transmembrane areal conductances are up to ~50 S/cm2, which is ~5000 foldhigher than in pristine graphene. Mounted in a direct methanol fuel cell,sulfophenylated graphene resulted in power densities up to 1.6 W/mg or 123mW/cm under standard cell operation (60 C), a value ~two-fold larger thanmicron-thick films of Nafion 117. The combination of sp3 dislocations and polargroups, therefore, allow the creation of hydrophilic ion paths through grapheneand unveils a novel route to rationalize transmembrane hydron transport through2D materials.

Giant proton transmembrane transport through sulfophenylated graphene in a direct methanol fuel cell