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Blockchains are decentralized and immutable databases that are shared amongthe nodes of the network. Although blockchains have attracted a great scale ofattention in the recent years by disrupting the traditional financial systems,the transaction privacy is still a challenging issue that needs to be addressedand analysed. We propose a Private Token Transfer System (PTTS) for theEthereum public blockchain in the first part of this paper. For the proposedframework, zero-knowledge based protocol has been designed using Zokrates andintegrated into our private token smart contract. With the help of web userinterface designed, the end users can interact with the smart contract withoutany third-party setup. In the second part of the paper, we provide security andprivacy analysis including the replay attack and the balance range privacyattack which has been modelled as a network flow problem. It is shown that incase some balance ranges are deliberately leaked out to particularorganizations or adversial entities, it is possible to extract meaningfulinformation about the user balances by employing minimum cost flow networkalgorithms that have polynomial complexity. The experimental study reports theEthereum gas consumption and proof generation times for the proposed framework.It also reports network solution times and goodness rates for a subset ofaddresses under the balance range privacy attack with respect to number ofaddresses, number of transactions and ratio of leaked transfer transactionamounts.

PTTS: Zero-Knowledge Proof-based Private Token Transfer System on  Ethereum Blockchain and its Network Flow Based Balance Range Privacy Attack  Analysis