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We dendrogram the Leike et al. 2020 3D dust map, leveraging its $\sim 1$ pcspatial resolution to produce a uniform catalog of molecular clouds in thesolar neighborhood. Using accurate distances, we measure the properties of 65clouds in true 3D space, eliminating much of the uncertainty in mass, size, anddensity. Clouds in the catalog contain a total of $1.1 \times 10^5 \; \rmM_{\odot}$, span distances of $116-440$ pc, and include a dozen well-studiedclouds in the literature. In addition to deriving cloud properties in 3D volumedensity space, we create 2D dust extinction maps from the 3D data by projectingthe 3D clouds onto a 2D "Sky" view. We measure the properties of the 2D cloudsseparately from those of the 3D clouds. Using the 2D and 3D derived results, wecompare the scaling relation between the masses and sizes of clouds followingLarson 1981. We find that our 2D projected mass-size relation, $M \proptor^{2.1}$, agrees with Larson's Third Relation, but our 3D derived propertieslead to a scaling relation of about one order larger: $M \propto r^{2.9}$.Validating predictions from numerical simulations and analytic theory, ourresults indicate that the mass-size relation is sensitive to whether column orvolume density is used to define clouds, since mass scales with area in 2Dspace ($M \propto r^{2}$) and with volume in 3D space ($M \propto r^{3}$). Ourresults imply a roughly constant column and volume density for molecularclouds, as would be expected for clouds where the lower density, largervolume-filling gas dominates the cloud mass budget.

A Parsec-Scale Catalog of Molecular Clouds in the Solar Neighborhood Based on 3D Dust Mapping: Implications for the Mass-Size Relation