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We explore the possibility that the initial transverse momentum distributionof unpolarized and polarized partons within unpolarized nucleons, both with andwithout the anisotropy of unpolarized hadrons produced in the fragmentation ofoutgoing partons, could lead to the observed azimuthal anisotropy of hightransverse momentum (high-$p_T$) hadrons produced in high energy proton-proton($p$-$p$) or proton-ion ($p$-$A$) collisions. Including simple Gaussian formsfor transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (PDF) andfragmentation functions, and assuming an $A^{1/3}$ enhancement of a PDF in$p$-$Pb$ collisions, we show that the observed anisotropy, with \emph{nomodification} to the angle integrated spectra ($R_{pA}\!=1$) for 5 GeV$\lesssim p_T\lesssim 50$ GeV, can be straightforwardly understood as arisingfrom a few processes dominated by gluon-gluon to gluon-gluon scattering.

Azimuthal Anisotropy at high transverse momentum in $p$-$p$ and $p$-$A$ collisions