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This work presents a general chemical reaction network theory for olfactorysensing processes that employ G-protein-coupled receptors as olfactoryreceptors (ORs). The theory is applicable to general mixtures of odorants andan arbitrary number of ORs. Reactions of ORs with G-proteins, both in thepresence and the absence of odorants, are explicitly considered. A uniquefeature of the theory is the definition of an odor activity vector consistingof strengths of odorant-induced signals from ORs relative to those due tobackground G-protein activity in the absence of odorants. It is demonstratedthat each component of the odor activity defined this way reduces to aMichaelis-Menten form capable of accounting for cooperation or competitioneffects between different odorants. The main features of the theory areillustrated for a two-odorant mixture. Known and potential mixture effects,such as suppression, shadowing, inhibition, and synergy are quantitativelydescribed. Effects of relative values of rate constants, basal activity, andG-protein concentration are also demonstrated.

General Chemical Reaction Network Theory for Olfactory Sensing Based on  G-Protein-Coupled Receptors : Elucidation of Odorant Mixture Effects and  Agonist-Synergist Threshold