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We have combined the benefits of two catalytic growth phenomena to formnanostructures of transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs), materials that arechallenging to grow in a nanostructured form by conventional techniques, asrequired to exploit their exotic physics. Our growth strategy combines thebenefits of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth in controlling dimension and growthlocation, and salt-assisted growth for fast growth at moderate temperatures.This salt-assisted VLS growth is enabled through use of a catalyst thatincludes Au and an alkali metal halide. We demonstrate high yields of NbS3 1Dnanostructures with sub-ten nanometer diameter, tens of micrometers length, anddistinct 1D morphologies consisting of nanowires and nanoribbons with [010] and[100] growth orientations, respectively. We present strategies to control thegrowth location, size, and morphology. We extend the growth method tosynthesize other TMTs, NbSe3 and TiS3, as nanowires. Finally, we discuss thegrowth mechanism based on the relationships we measure between the materialscharacteristics (growth orientation, morphology and dimensions) and the growthconditions (catalyst volume and growth time). Our study introducesopportunities to expand the library of emerging 1D vdW materials and theirheterostructures with controllable nanoscale dimensions.

Salt-assisted vapor-liquid-solid growth of one-dimensional van der Waals materials