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Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor of mortality globally.Hence, understanding the physical activity (PA) patterns of youth is essentialto manage and mitigate non-communicable diseases. As digital citizen scienceapproaches utilizing citizen-owned smartphones to ethically obtain PA big datacan transform PA surveillance, this study aims to understand the frequency ofPA reported by youth using smartphone-deployed retrospective validated surveyscompared to prospective time-triggered mobile ecological momentary assessments(mEMAs). Using a digital citizen science methodology, this study recruitedyouth citizen scientists (N = 808) in 2018 (August 31- December 31) inSaskatchewan, Canada. Youth citizen scientists (age 13 to 21) reported their PAusing prospective mEMAs and retrospective surveys over an eight-day period. Asignificant difference was found in reporting the frequency of PAretrospectively vs. prospectively via mEMAs (p < 0.000). Ethnicity, parentaleducation, and strength training were associated with prospective PA frequency;however, no associations were significant with retrospective PA frequency. Withaccess to ubiquitous digital devices growing worldwide, and youth havingparticularly high digital literacy, digital citizen science for the ethicalsurveillance of PA using mEMAs presents a promising approach for the managementand prevention of non-communicable diseases among youth.

Digital citizen science for ethical surveillance of physical activity among youth: mobile ecological momentary assessments vs. retrospective recall