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Lucas atoms are irreducible factors of Lucas polynomials and they wereintroduced in \cite{ST}. The main aim of the authors was to investigate, froman innovatory point of view, when some combinatorial rational functions areactually polynomials. In this paper, we see that the Lucas atoms can beintroduced in a more natural and powerful way than the original definition,providing straightforward proofs for their main properties. Moreover, we fullycharacterize the $p$-adic valuations of Lucas atoms for any prime $p$,answering to a problem left open in \cite{ST}, where the authors treated onlysome specific cases for $p \in \{2, 3\}$. Finally, we prove that the sequenceof Lucas atoms is not holonomic, contrarily to the Lucas sequence that is alinear recurrent sequence of order two.

On alternative definition of Lucas atoms and their $p$-adic valuations