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Although a variety of phenomena may create a geomagnetic storm on Earth, themost severe geomagnetic storms arise from solar activity, and in particular,coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares. CMEs and flares originateprimarily from sunspots. The "aa index" is a metric which ranks all of thestrongest geomagnetic storms between 1868 and 2010 based on a variety ofcharacteristics taken from several sources. This paper examines correlationsbetween the aa index of the most severe geomagnetic storms and the intrinsiccharacteristics of the sunspots from which they originated. We find acorrelation between the total rank of the aa index of the storms and the "totalintensity" of the sunspot, where total intensity is defined as the sunspot'smean intensity multiplied by its area. The correlation has an R-Squared = 0.690and R-Squared = 0.855 when a potentially corrupted data point is removed.

An Optical Analysis of Sunspots as Predictors of Geomagnetic Storms