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In this paper, we propose a simultaneous transmitting and reflectingreconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) and energy buffer aidedmultiple-input single-output (MISO) simultaneous wireless information and powertransfer (SWIPT) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, which consistsof a STAR-RIS, an access point (AP), and reflection users and transmissionusers with energy buffers. In the proposed system, the multi-antenna AP cantransmit information and energy to several single-antenna reflection andtransmission users simultaneously in a NOMA fashion, where the power transferand information transmission states of the users are modeled using Markovchains. The reflection and transmission users harvest and store the energy inenergy buffers as additional power supplies. The power outage probability,information outage probability, sum throughput, and joint outage probabilityclosed-form expressions of the proposed system are derived over Nakagami-mfading channels, which are validated via simulations. Results demonstrate thatthe proposed system achieves better performance in comparison to the STAR-RISaided MISO SWIPT-NOMA buffer-less, conventional RIS and energy buffer aidedMISO SWIPT-NOMA, and STAR-RIS and energy buffer aided MISO SWIPT-time-divisionmultiple access (TDMA) systems. Furthermore, a particle swarm optimizationbased power allocation (PSO-PA) algorithm is designed to maximize the sumthroughput with a constraint on the joint outage probability. Simulationresults illustrate that the proposed PSO-PA algorithm can achieve an improvedsum throughput performance of the proposed system.

STAR-RIS Aided MISO SWIPT-NOMA System with Energy Buffer: Performance Analysis and Optimization