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Augmented Reality (AR) is expected to become a pervasive component inenabling shared virtual experiences. In order to facilitate collaboration amongmultiple users, it is crucial for multi-user AR applications to establish aconsensus on the "shared state" of the virtual world and its augmentations,through which they interact within augmented reality spaces. Current methods tocreate and access shared state collect sensor data from devices (e.g., cameraimages), process them, and integrate them into the shared state. However, thisprocess introduces new vulnerabilities and opportunities for attacks.Maliciously writing false data to "poison" the shared state is a major concernfor the security of the downstream victims that depend on it. Another type ofvulnerability arises when reading the shared state; by providing false inputs,an attacker can view hologram augmentations at locations they are not allowedto access. In this work, we demonstrate a series of novel attacks on multipleAR frameworks with shared states, focusing on three publicly-accessibleframeworks. We show that these frameworks, while using different underlyingimplementations, scopes, and mechanisms to read from and write to the sharedstate, have shared vulnerability to a unified threat model. Our evaluation ofthese state-of-art AR applications demonstrates reliable attacks both onupdating and accessing shared state across the different systems. To defendagainst such threats, we discuss a number of potential mitigation strategiesthat can help enhance the security of multi-user AR applications.

That Doesn't Go There: Attacks on Shared State in Multi-User Augmented Reality Applications