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The optically levitated particles have been driven to rotate at an ultra-highspeed of GHz, and the gyroscopic application of these levitated particles tomeasure angular motion have long been explored. However, this gyroscope has notbeen proven either theoretically or experimentally. Here, a rotor gyroscopebased on optically levitated high-speed rotating particles is proposed. Invacuum, an ellipsoidal vaterite particle with 3.58 $\mu$m average diameter isdriven to rotate at MHz, and the optical axis orientation of the particle ismeasured by the particle rotational signal. The external inputted angularvelocity makes the optical axis deviate from the initial position, whichchanges the frequency and amplitude of the rotational signal. The inputtedangular velocity is hence detected by the rotational signal, and the angularrate bias instability of the prototype is measured to be $0.08^o/s$. It is thesmallest rotor gyroscope in the world, and the bias instability can be furtherimproved up to $10^{-9o}/h$ theoretically by cooling the motion and increasingthe angular moment of the levitated particle. Our work opens a new applicationparadigm of the levitated optomechanical systems and possibly bring the rotorgyroscope to the quantum realm.

Optically levitated gyroscopes with a MHz rotating micro-rotor