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Hydrogen and carbon capture and storage are pivotal to decarbonize theEuropean energy system in a broad range of pathway scenarios. Yet, their timelyuptake in different sectors and distribution across countries are affected bysupply options of renewable and fossil energy sources. Here, we analyze thedecarbonization of the European energy system towards 2060, covering the power,heat, and industry sectors, and the change in use of hydrogen and carboncapture and storage in these sectors upon Europe's decoupling from Russian gas.The results indicate that the use of gas is significantly reduced in the powersector, instead being replaced by coal with carbon capture and storage, andwith a further expansion of renewable generators. Coal coupled with carboncapture and storage is also used in the steel sector as an intermediary stepwhen Russian gas is neglected, before being fully decarbonized with hydrogen.Hydrogen production mostly relies on natural gas with carbon capture andstorage until natural gas is scarce and costly at which time green hydrogenproduction increases sharply. The disruption of Russian gas imports hassignificant consequences on the decarbonization pathways for Europe, with localenergy sources and carbon capture and storage becoming even more important.

Decarbonizing the European energy system in the absence of Russian gas:  Hydrogen uptake and carbon capture developments in the power, heat and  industry sectors