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Long-distance entanglement distribution is the key task for quantum networks,enabling applications such as secure communication and distributed quantumcomputing. Here we report on novel developments extending the reach for sharingentanglement between a single $^{87}$Rb atom and a single photon over longoptical fibers. To maintain a high fidelity during the long flight timesthrough such fibers, the coherence time of the single atom is prolonged to 7 msby applying a long-lived qubit encoding. In addition, the attenuation in thefibers is minimized by converting the photon's wavelength to the telecom S-Bandvia polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion. This enables toobserve entanglement between the atomic quantum memory and the emitted photonafter passing 101 km of optical fiber with a fidelity better than70.8$\pm$2.4%. The fidelity, however, is no longer reduced due to loss ofcoherence of the atom or photon but in the current setup rather due to detectordark counts, showing the suitability of our platform to realize city-to-cityscale quantum network links.

Long-lived quantum memory enabling atom-photon entanglement over 101 km telecom fiber