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This paper considers a cyber-physical system under an active eavesdroppingattack. A remote legitimate user estimates the state of a linear plant from thestate information received from a sensor. Transmissions from the sensor occurvia an insecure and unreliable network. An active eavesdropper may perform anattack during system operation. The eavesdropper intercepts transmissions fromthe sensor, whilst simultaneously sabotaging the data transfer from the sensorto the remote legitimate user to harm its estimation performance. To maintainstate confidentiality, we propose an encoding scheme that is activated on thedetection of an eavesdropper. Our scheme transmits noise based on apseudo-random indicator, pre-arranged at the legitimate user and sensor. Thetransmission of noise harms the eavesdropper's performance, more than that ofthe legitimate user. Using the proposed encoding scheme, we impair theeavesdropper's expected estimation performance, whilst minimising expectedperformance degradation at the legitimate user. We explore the trade-offbetween state confidentiality and legitimate user performance degradationthrough selecting the probability that the sensor transmits noise. Undercertain design choices, the trace of the expected estimation error covarianceof the eavesdropper is greater than that of the legitimate user. Numericalexamples are provided to illustrate the proposed encoding scheme.

Remote State Estimation with Privacy Against Active Eavesdroppers