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As natural predators, owls fly with astonishing stealth due to thesophisticated serrated surface morphology of their feathers that producesadvantageous flow characteristics and favorable boundary layer structures.Traditionally, these serrations are tailored for airfoil edges with simpletwo-dimensional patterns, limiting their effect on overall noise reductionwhile negotiating tradeoffs in aerodynamic performance. Here, we formulate newdesign strategies that can mitigate tradeoffs between noise reduction andaerodynamic performance by merging owl feather and cicada insect winggeometries to create a three-dimensional topology that features silent andefficient flight. Aeroacoustics and aerodynamics experimental results show thatthe application of our hybrid topology yields a reduction in overall soundpressure levels by up to 9.93% and an increase in propulsive efficiency by over48.14% compared to benchmark designs. Computational fluid dynamics simulationsreveal that the three-dimensional, owl-inspired surface serrations can enhancesurface vorticity. The produced coherent vortex structures serve to suppressthe source strength of dipole and quadrupole pressure sources at variousReynolds numbers, resulting in a universal noise reduction effect. Our workdemonstrates how a bioinspired three-dimensional serration topology refines theturbulence-airfoil interaction mode and improves multiple functionalities of anaerodynamic surface to enable quieter and more fuel-efficient, aerial vehicles.

Nature-inspired three-dimensional surface serration topologies enable silent flight by suppressing airfoil-turbulence interaction noise