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Conventional beamforming with fixed-position antenna (FPA) arrays has afundamental trade-off between maximizing the signal power (array gain) over adesired direction and simultaneously minimizing the interference power overundesired directions. To overcome this limitation, this letter investigates themovable antenna (MA) array enhanced beamforming by exploiting the new degree offreedom (DoF) via antenna position optimization, in addition to the design ofantenna weights. We show that by jointly optimizing the antenna positionsvector (APV) and antenna weights vector (AWV) of a linear MA array, the fullarray gain can be achieved over the desired direction while null steering canbe realized over all undesired directions, under certain numbers of MAs andnull-steering directions. The optimal solutions for AWV and APV are derived inclosed form, which reveal that the optimal AWV for MA arrays requires only thesignal phase adjustment with a fixed amplitude. Numerical results validate ouranalytical solutions for MA array beamforming and show their superiorperformance to the conventional beamforming techniques with FPA arrays.

Movable-Antenna Array Enhanced Beamforming: Achieving Full Array Gain with Null Steering