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We show that the action of a dynamical system can be supplemented by aneffective action for its environment to reproduce arbitrary coordinatedependent ohmic dissipation and gyroscopic forces. The action is ageneralization of the harmonic bath model and describes a set of masslessinteracting scalar fields in an auxiliary space coupled to the original systemat the boundary. A certain limit of the model implements nonholonomicconstraints. In the case of dynamics with nonlinearly realized symmetries theeffective action takes the form of a two-dimensional nonlinear sigma-model. Itprovides a basis for application of path integral methods to generaldissipative and nonholonomic systems.

Effective Action for Dissipative and Nonholonomic Systems