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The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generative language modelssuch as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) and tools such as ChatGPT hastriggered a revolution that can transform how text is generated. This has manyimplications, for example, as AI-generated text becomes a significant fractionof the text, would this have an effect on the language capabilities of readersand also on the training of newer AI tools? Would it affect the evolution oflanguages? Focusing on one specific aspect of the language: words; will the useof tools such as ChatGPT increase or reduce the vocabulary used or the lexicalrichness? This has implications for words, as those not included inAI-generated content will tend to be less and less popular and may eventuallybe lost. In this work, we perform an initial comparison of the vocabulary andlexical richness of ChatGPT and humans when performing the same tasks. In moredetail, two datasets containing the answers to different types of questionsanswered by ChatGPT and humans, and a third dataset in which ChatGPTparaphrases sentences and questions are used. The analysis shows that ChatGPTtends to use fewer distinct words and lower lexical richness than humans. Theseresults are very preliminary and additional datasets and ChatGPT configurationshave to be evaluated to extract more general conclusions. Therefore, furtherresearch is needed to understand how the use of ChatGPT and more broadlygenerative AI tools will affect the vocabulary and lexical richness indifferent types of text and languages.

Playing with Words: Comparing the Vocabulary and Lexical Richness of ChatGPT and Humans