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Economic Complexity (EC) methods have gained increasing popularity acrossfields and disciplines. In particular, the EC toolbox has proved particularlypromising in the study of complex and interrelated phenomena, such as thetransition towards a greener economy. Using the EC approach, scholars have beeninvestigating the relationship between EC and sustainability, proposing toidentify the distinguishing characteristics of green products and to assess thereadiness of productive and technological structures for the sustainabilitytransition. This article proposes to review and summarize the data, methods,and empirical literature that are relevant to the study of the sustainabilitytransition from an EC perspective. We review three distinct but connectedblocks of literature on EC and environmental sustainability. First, we surveythe evidence linking measures of EC to indicators related to environmentalsustainability. Second, we review articles that strive to assess the greencompetitiveness of productive systems. Third, we examine evidence on greentechnological development and its connection to non-green knowledge bases.Finally, we summarize the findings for each block and identify avenues forfurther research in this recent and growing body of empirical literature.

Economic complexity and the sustainability transition: A review of data, methods, and literature