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Recent studies indicate that a small number of rogue solar active regions(ARs) may have a significant impact on the end-of-cycle polar field and thelong-term behavior of solar activity. The impact of individual ARs can bequalified based on their magnetic field distribution. This motivates us tobuild a live homogeneous AR database in a series of papers. As the first of theseries, we develop a method to automatically detect ARs from 1996 onwards basedon SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI synoptic magnetograms. The method shows its advantagesin excluding decayed ARs and unipolar regions and being compatible with anyavailable synoptic magnetograms. The identified AR flux and area are calibratedbased on the co-temporal SDO/HMI and SOHO/MDI data. The homogeneity andreliability of the database are further verified by comparing it with otherrelevant databases. We find that ARs with weaker flux have a weaker cycledependence. Stronger ARs show the weaker cycle 24 compared with cycle 23.Several basic parameters, namely, location, area, and flux of negative andpositive polarities of identified ARs are provided in the paper. This paves theway for AR's new parameters quantifying the impact on the long-term behavior ofsolar activity to be presented in the subsequent paper of the series. Theconstantly updated database covering more than two full solar cycles will bebeneficial for the understanding and prediction of the solar cycle. Thedatabase and the detection codes are accessible online.

Towards a live homogeneous database of solar active regions based on  SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI synoptic magnetograms. I. Automatic detection and  calibration