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The hydrodynamic theory of active nematics has been often used to describethe spatio-temporal dynamics of cell flows and motile topological defectswithin soft confluent tissues. Those theories, however, often rely on theassumption that tissues consist of cells with a fixed, anisotropic shape and donot resolve dynamical cell shape changes due to flow gradients. In this paperwe extend the continuum theory of active nematics to include cell shapedeformability. We find that circular cells in tissues must generate sufficientactive stress to overcome an elastic barrier to deforming their shape in orderto drive tissue-scale flows. Above this threshold the systems enter a dynamicalsteady-state with regions of elongated cells and strong flows coexisting withquiescent regions of isotropic cells.

Active nematics with deformable particles