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Ladle refining is one of the most important aspects of high-quality steelproduction. Ladle argon purging which facilitates the refining process alsoleads to the unwarranted opening of the slag cover known as Slag Eye-openingand has a deleterious effect on the quality of steel. Slag eye-opening has beenanalysed in past under isothermal conditions whereas ladle refining is atransient and non-isothermal operation. The current study deals with themodelling of slag-eye opening and its effects on ladle refining undernon-isothermal conditions. The bubble plume is modelled with the help ofDiscrete Phase modelling (DPM) coupled with a discrete random walk model forincluding the particle level turbulence. Temperature-dependent thermophysicalproperties of slag are obtained from FactSage. Opening of slag-metal interfacecools the slag-eye region, which causes changes in the thermophysicalproperties of the slag phase. These changes are then reflected in the flowcharacteristics of this complex fluid. The slags flow profile and eye formationare compared and explained between cold modelling techniques and actual ladlemetallurgy. The consequences of changing thermophysical prop during ladlerefining manifest in their influence on the overall mass transfer coefficientand the kinetics of desulfurization. This can be achieved without therequirement to solve computationally demanding species transport equations,thereby enhancing the practical efficiency of this approach.

Computational study of non-isothermal slag eye formation and its effects on ladle refining