English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Due to the increasing volume of Electric Vehicles in automotive markets andthe limited lifetime of onboard lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the large-scaleretirement of LIBs is imminent. The battery packs retired from ElectricVehicles still own 70%-80% of the initial capacity, thus having the potentialto be utilized in scenarios with lower energy and power requirements tomaximize the value of LIBs. However, spent batteries are commonly less reliablethan fresh batteries due to their degraded performance, thereby necessitating acomprehensive assessment from safety and economic perspectives before furtherutilization. To this end, this paper reviews the key technological and economicaspects of second-life batteries (SLBs). Firstly, we introduce variousdegradation models for first-life batteries and identify an opportunity tocombine physics-based theories with data-driven methods to establishexplainable models with physical laws that can be generalized. However,degradation models specifically tailored to SLBs are currently absent.Therefore, we analyze the applicability of existing battery degradation modelsdeveloped for first-life batteries in SLB applications. Secondly, weinvestigate fast screening and regrouping techniques and discuss the regroupingstandards for the first time to guide the classification procedure and enhancethe performance and safety of SLBs. Thirdly, we scrutinize the economicanalysis of SLBs and summarize the potentially profitable applications.Finally, we comprehensively examine and compare power electronics technologiesthat can substantially improve the performance of SLBs, includinghigh-efficiency energy transformation technologies, active equalizationtechnologies, and technologies to improve reliability and safety.

Challenges and Opportunities for Second-life Batteries: A Review of Key Technologies and Economy