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Large-scale outflows driven by supermassive black holes are thought to play afundamental role in suppressing star formation in massive galaxies. However,direct observational evidence for this hypothesis is still lacking,particularly in the young universe where star formation quenching is remarkablyrapid, thus requiring effective removal of gas as opposed to slow gas heating.While outflows of ionized gas are commonly detected in massive distantgalaxies, the amount of ejected mass is too small to be able to suppress starformation. Gas ejection is expected to be more efficient in the neutral andmolecular phases, but at high redshift these have only been observed instarbursts and quasars. Using deep spectroscopy from JWST, here we show thepresence of an outflow of neutral and ionized gas in a massive galaxy observedduring the rapid quenching of its star formation, at a redshift of z=2.445. Theoutflowing mass is mostly in the neutral phase, and the mass outflow rate islarger than the residual star formation rate, indicating that the gas ejectionis likely to have a strong impact on the evolution of the galaxy. We do notdetect X-ray or radio activity; however the presence of a supermassive blackhole is suggested by the properties of the ionized gas emission lines. We thusconclude that supermassive black holes are able to rapidly suppress starformation in massive galaxies by efficiently ejecting neutral gas.

Massive and Multiphase Gas Outflow in a Quenching Galaxy at z=2.445