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Early JWST observations have uncovered a new, substantial population of redsources that might represent a previously overlooked phase of actively growingsupermassive black holes (Kocevski et al. 2023, Matthee et al. 2023, Labbe etal. 2023). One of the most intriguing examples is an extremely red, point-likeobject that was found to be triply-imaged by the strong lensing galaxy clusterAbell 2744 (Furtak et al. 2023), allowing an unprecedented detailed look intothis enigmatic population. Here we present deep spectroscopic JWST/NIRSpecobservations of this object, Abell2744-QSO1. The spectroscopy confirms that thethree images are of the same object, and that it is a highly reddened($A_V\sim3$) broad emission-line Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) at a redshift of$z_{\mathrm{spec}}=7.0451\pm0.0005$. From the width of H$\beta$($\mathrm{FWHM}=2800\pm250\,\frac{\mathrm{km}}{\mathrm{s}}$) we derive a blackhole mass of $M_{\mathrm{BH}}=3_{-1}^{+2}\times10^7\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. Weinfer a very high ratio of black hole to galaxy mass of at least 3% andpossibly as high as 100%, an order of magnitude or more than is seen in localgalaxies. The lack of strong metal lines in the spectrum together with the highbolometric luminosity($L_{\mathrm{bol}}=(1.1\pm0.3)\times10^{45}\,\frac{\mathrm{erg}}{\mathrm{s}}$)suggest that we are seeing the black hole in a phase of rapid growth, accretingat 30% of the Eddington limit. Based on early JWST imaging studies we estimatethat such heavily reddened, low-mass black holes can be $\sim100$ times morecommon than UV-selected ones at this epoch. The rapid growth and high blackhole to galaxy mass ratio of A2744-QSO1 suggests that it may represent themissing link between black hole seeds (Inayoshi et al. 2020; Greene et al.2020; Volonteri 2021) and the first luminous quasars (Fan et al. 2023).

A supermassive black hole in the early universe growing in the shadows