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Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are exotic transients that can lead totemporary super-Eddington accretion onto a supermassive black hole. Suchaccretion mode is naturally expected to result in powerful outflows of ionizedmatter. However, to date such an outflow has only been directly detected in theX-ray band in a single TDE, ASASSN-14li. This outflow has a low velocity ofjust a few 100 km/s, although there is also evidence for a second, ultra-fastphase. Here we present the detection of a low-velocity outflow in a second TDE,ASASSN-20qc. The high-resolution X-ray spectrum reveals an array of narrowabsorption lines, each blueshifted by a few 100 km/s, which cannot be describedby a single photo-ionization phase. For the first time, we confirm themultiphase nature of a TDE outflow, with at least two phases and two distinctvelocity components. One highly ionized phase is outflowing at$910^{+90}_{-80}$ km/s, while a lower ionization component is blueshifted by$400_{-120}^{+100}$ km/s. We perform time-resolved analysis of the X-rayspectrum and detect that, surprisingly, the mildly ionized absorber stronglyvaries in ionization parameter over the course of a single 60 ks observation,indicating that its distance from the black hole may be as low as 400gravitational radii. We discuss these findings in the context of TDEs andcompare this newly detected outflow with that of ASASSN-14li.

Discovery of a variable multi-phase outflow in the X-ray-emitting tidal disruption event ASASSN-20qc