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Rust is an effective system programming language that guarantees memorysafety via compile-time verifications. It employs a novel ownership-basedresource management model to facilitate automated resource deallocation. It isanticipated that this model will eliminate memory leaks. However, we observedthat user intervention driving semi-automated management is prone tointroducing leaks. In contrast to violating memory-safety guarantees via theunsafe keyword, the leak breached boundary is implicit with no compileralerting. In this paper, we present rCanary, a static, non-intrusive, and fullyautomated model checker to detect leaks across the semi-automated boundary. Itadopts a precise encoder to abstract data with heap allocation and formalizes arefined leak-free memory model based on Boolean satisfiability. rCanary isimplemented as an external component of Cargo and can generate constraints viaMIR data flow. We evaluate it using flawed package benchmarks collected fromthe pull requests of prominent Rust packages. The results indicate it ispossible to recall all these defects with acceptable false positives. We alsoapply our tool to more than 1,200 real-world crates from crates.io and GitHub,identifying 19 crates with potentially vulnerable leaks in 8.4 seconds perpackage.

rCanary: Detecting Memory Leaks Across Semi-automated Memory Management Boundary in Rust