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Electron acoustic waves (EAWs), as well as electron-acoustic solitarystructures, play a crucial role in thermalization and acceleration of electronpopulations in Earth's magnetosphere. These waves are often observed inassociation with whistler-mode waves, but the detailed mechanism of EAW andwhistler wave coupling is not yet revealed. We investigate the excitationmechanism of EAWs and their potential relation to whistler waves usingparticle-in-cell simulations. Whistler waves are first excited by electronswith a temperature anisotropy perpendicular to the background magnetic field.Electrons trapped by these whistler waves through nonlinear Landau resonanceform localized field-aligned beams, which subsequently excite EAWs. Bycomparing the growth rate of EAWs and the phase mixing rate of trapped electronbeams, we obtain the critical condition for EAW excitation, which is consistentwith our simulation results across a wide region in parameter space. Theseresults are expected to be useful in the interpretation of concurrentobservations of whistler-mode waves and nonlinear solitary structures, and mayalso have important implications for investigation of cross-scale energytransfer in the near-Earth space environment.

Nonlinear Landau resonant interaction between whistler waves and electrons: Excitation of electron acoustic waves