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Linking cavitation and anatomy was found to be important for predictableoutcomes in Focused-Ultrasound Blood-Brain-Barrier-Opening and requires highresolution cavitation mapping. However, cavitation mapping techniques forplanning and monitoring of therapeutic procedures either 1) do not leverage thefull resolution capabilities of ultrasound imaging or 2) place strongconstraints on the length of the therapeutic pulse. This study aimed to developa high-resolution technique that could resolve vascular anatomy in thecavitation map. Herein, we develop BP-ETACI, derived from bandpass sampling anddual-frequency contrast imaging at 12.5 MHz to produce cavitation maps priorand during blood-brain barrier opening with long therapeutic bursts using a1.5-MHz focused transducer in the brain of C57BL/6 mice. The BP-ETACIcavitation maps were found to correlate with the vascular anatomy in ultrasoundlocalization microscopy vascular maps and in histological sections. Cavitationmaps produced from non-blood-brain-barrier disrupting doses showed the samecavitation-bearing vasculature as maps produced over entire blood-brain-barrieropening procedures, allowing use for 1) monitoring FUS-BBBO, but also for 2)therapy planning and target verification. BP-ETACI is versatile, created highresolution cavitation maps in the mouse brain and is easily translatable toexisting FUS-BBBO experiments. As such, it provides a means to further studycavitation phenomena in FUS-BBBO.

Equivalent-Time-Active-Cavitation-Imaging Enables Vascular-Resolution Blood-Brain-Barrier-Opening-Therapy Planning