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Atom and matter interferometers are precise quantum sensing experiments thatcan probe differential forces along separated spacetime paths. Various atom andmatter interferometer experiments have been proposed to study dark matter,gravitational waves, and exotic new physics. Increasingly, these experimentalconcepts have proposed space-based designs to maximize interrogation times andbaselines. However, decoherence and phase shifts caused by astrophysicalbackgrounds could largely undermine or destroy the target sensitivity of theexperiments. We calculate the decoherence effects induced by solar photons, thesolar wind, cosmic rays, solar neutrinos and zodiacal dust on space-based atomand matter interferometers. We find that, in future space-based atom and matterinterferometers, the solar wind generically produces decoherence beyond thequantum noise limit, without proper shielding. In addition, solar photons arealso an important background for matter interferometers.

Contrast Loss from Astrophysical Backgrounds in Space-Based Matter-Wave Interferometers