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We study the interplay of lattice, spin and orbital degrees of freedom in atwo-dimensional model system: a flat square lattice of Te atoms on a Au(100)surface. The atomic structure of the Te monolayer is determined by scanningtunneling microscopy (STM) and quantitative low-energy electron diffraction(LEED-IV). Using spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES)and density functional theory (DFT), we observe a Te-Au interface state withhighly anisotropic Rashba-type spin-orbit splitting at the X point of theBrillouin zone. Based on a profound symmetry and tight-binding analysis, weshow how in-plane square lattice symmetry and broken inversion symmetry at theTe-Au interface together enforce a remarkably anisotropic orbital Rashba effectwhich strongly modulates the spin splitting.

Strongly Anisotropic Spin and Orbital Rashba Effect at a Tellurium - Noble Metal Interface