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We report direct observational evidence for a latitudinal dependence of dustcloud opacity in ultracool dwarfs, indicating that equatorial latitudes arecloudier than polar latitudes. These results are based on a strong positivecorrelation between the viewing geometry and the mid-infrared silicateabsorption strength in mid-L dwarfs using mid-infrared spectra from the SpitzerSpace Telescope and spin axis inclination measurements from availableinformation in the literature. We confirmed that the infrared color anomaliesof L dwarfs positively correlate with dust cloud opacity and viewing geometry,where redder objects are inclined equator-on and exhibit more opaque dustclouds while dwarfs viewed at higher latitudes and with more transparent cloudsare bluer. These results show the relevance of viewing geometry to explain theappearance of brown dwarfs and provide insight into the spectral diversityobserved in substellar and planetary atmospheres. We also find a hint that dustclouds at similar latitudes may have higher opacity in low-surface gravitydwarfs than in higher-gravity objects.

Ultracool Dwarfs Observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph: Equatorial Latitudes in L Dwarf Atmospheres are Cloudier