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We present a comprehensive investigation of HI (super)clouds, molecularclouds (MCs), and star formation in the Carina spiral arm of the outer Galaxy.Utilizing HI4PI and CfA CO survey data, we identify HI clouds and MCs based onthe ($l$, ${v_\mathrm{LSR}}$) locations of the Carina arm. We analyzed 26 HIclouds and 48 MCs. Most of the identified HI clouds are superclouds, withmasses exceeding $10^6~{\mathrm{M_\odot}}$. We find that 15 of thesesuperclouds have associated MC(s) with ${M_\mathrm{HI}} \gtrsim10^6~{\mathrm{M_\odot}}$ and ${\Sigma_\mathrm{HI+H_2}} \gtrsim$ 50${\mathrm{M_\odot}} \rm pc^{-2}$. Our virial equilibrium analysis suggests thatthese CO-bright HI clouds are gravitationally bound or marginally bound. Wereport an anti-correlation between molecular mass fractions and Galactocentricdistances, and a correlation with total gas surface densities. Nine CO-brightHI superclouds are associated with HII regions, indicating ongoing starformation. We confirm the regular spacing of HI superclouds along the spiralarm, which is likely due to some underlying physical process, such asgravitational instabilities. We observe a strong spatial correlation betweenHII regions and MCs, with some offsets between MCs and local HI column densitypeaks. Our study reveals that in the context of HI superclouds, the starformation rate surface density is independent of HI and total gas surfacedensities but positively correlates with molecular gas surface density. Thisfinding is consistent with both extragalactic studies of the resolvedKennicutt-Schmidt relation and local giant molecular clouds study of Lada etal. (2013), emphasizing the crucial role of molecular gas in regulating starformation processes.

Neutral atomic and molecular clouds and star formation in the outer Carina arm