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The theoretical description of observables at collider experiments relies onfactorization theorems separating perturbative dynamics from universalnon-perturbative matrix elements. Despite significant recent progress inextending these factorization theorems to increasingly differential jetsubstructure observables, the focus has been primarily on infrared safeobservables sensitive only to correlations in the energy of final statehadrons. However, significant information about the dynamics of the underlyingcollision is encoded in how energy is correlated between hadrons of differentquantum numbers. In this paper we extend the class of calculable correlationsby deriving factorization theorems for a broad class of correlations, $\langle\mathcal{E}_{R_1}(n_1) \cdots \mathcal{E}_{R_k}(n_k) \rangle$, between theenergy flux carried by hadrons specified by quantum numbers, $R_1, \cdots,R_k$. We show that these factorization theorems involve moments of a new classof universal non-perturbative functions, the "joint track functions", whichextend the track function formalism to describe the fraction of energy carriedby hadrons of multiple quantum numbers arising from the fragmentation of quarksor gluons. We study the general properties of these functions, and then applythis to the specific case of joint track functions for positive and negativeelectromagnetic charges. We extract these from parton shower Monte Carloprograms and use them to calculate correlations in electromagnetically chargedenergy flux. We additionally propose and study a C-odd$\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{Q}}$ detector, which results in a qualitatively distinctscaling behavior compared to the standard energy correlators. Our formalismsignificantly extends the class of observables that can be computed at hadroncolliders, with a wide range of applications from particle to nuclear physics.

Joint Track Functions: Expanding the Space of Calculable Correlations at Colliders