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In some models of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), one of the leadinglow energy consequences of the model appears in the form of the chromoelectricdipole moments (CEDMs) of the gluons and light quarks. We examine if theseCEDMs can be distinguished from the QCD $\theta$-term through theexperimentally measurable nucleon and atomic electric dipole moments (EDMs) inboth cases with and without the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism solving the strongCP problem. We find that the nucleon EDMs can show a distinctive pattern whenthe EDMs are dominantly induced by light quark CEDMs without the PQ mechanism.In the presence of the PQ mechanism, the nucleon EDMs due to the gluon or lightquark CEDMs have a similar pattern as those due to the QCD $\theta$-parameter,regardless of the origin of the axion vacuum value which determines the$\theta$-parameter. In contrast, diamagnetic atomic EDMs due to the gluon orlight quark CEDMs have characteristic patterns distinguishable from the patterndue to the $\theta$-parameter which is induced dominantly by UV-originated PQbreaking other than the QCD anomaly, for instance by quantum gravity effects.Our results suggest that EDMs may provide information not only on CP violationbeyond the SM, but also on the existence of the PQ mechanism and the quality ofthe PQ symmetry characterized by the strength of UV-originated PQ breakingother than the QCD anomaly.

Exploring CP Violation beyond the Standard Model and the PQ Quality with Electric Dipole Moments