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In Josephson diodes the asymmetry between positive and negative currentbranch of the current-phase relation leads to a polarity-dependent criticalcurrent and Josephson inductance. The supercurrent nonreciprocity can bedescribed as a consequence of the anomalous Josephson effect -- a$\varphi_0$-shift of the current-phase relation -- in multichannel ballisticjunctions with strong spin-orbit interaction. In this work, we simultaneouslyinvestigate $\varphi_0$-shift and supercurrent diode efficiency on the sameJosephson junction by means of a superconducting quantum interferometer. Byelectrostatic gating, we reveal a direct link between $\varphi_0$-shift anddiode effect. Our findings show that the supercurrent diode effect mainlyresults from magnetochiral anisotropy induced by spin-orbit interaction incombination with a Zeeman field.

Link between supercurrent diode and anomalous Josephson effect revealed by gate-controlled interferometry