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The excitation of microresonators using focused intensity modulated light,known as photothermal excitation, is gaining significant attention due to itscapacity to accurately excite microresonators without distortions, even inliquid environments, which is driving key advancements in atomic forcemicroscopy and related technologies. Despite progress in the development ofcoatings, the conversion of light into mechanical movement remains largelyinefficient, limiting resonator movements to tens of nanometres even whenmilliwatts of optical power are used. Moreover, how photothermal efficiencydepends on the relative position of a microresonator along the propagation axisof the photothermal beam remains poorly studied, hampering our understanding ofthe conversion of light into mechanical motion. Here, we perform photothermalmeasurements in air and water using cantilever microresonators and acustom-built picobalance, and determine how photothermal efficiency changesalong the propagation beam axis. We identify that far out-of-band laseremission can lead to visual misidentification of the beam waist, resulting in adrop of photothermal efficiency of up to one order of magnitude. Ourmeasurements also unveil that the beam waist is not always the position ofhighest photothermal efficiency, and can reduce the efficiency up to 20% forsilicon cantilevers with trapezoidal cross section.

Optimisation and artifacts of photothermal excitation of microresonators