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Tone is a crucial component of the prosody of Shanghainese, a Wu Chinesevariety spoken primarily in urban Shanghai. Tone sandhi, which applies to allmulti-syllabic words in Shanghainese, then, is key to natural-sounding speech.Unfortunately, recent work on Shanghainese TTS (text-to-speech) such as Apple'sVoiceOver has shown poor performance with tone sandhi, especially LD(left-dominant sandhi). Here I show that word segmentation during textpreprocessing can improve the quality of tone sandhi production in TTS models.Syllables within the same word are annotated with a special symbol, whichserves as a proxy for prosodic information of the domain of LD. Contrary to thecommon practice of using prosodic annotation mainly for static pauses, thispaper demonstrates that prosodic annotation can also be applied to dynamictonal phenomena. I anticipate this project to be a starting point for bringingformal linguistic accounts of Shanghainese into computational projects. Toolong have we been using the Mandarin models to approximate Shanghainese, but itis a different language with its own linguistic features, and its digitisationand revitalisation should be treated as such.

Improving TTS for Shanghainese: Addressing Tone Sandhi via Word Segmentation