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Quantum computers (QCs), which work based on the law of quantum mechanics,are expected to be faster than classical computers in several computationaltasks such as prime factoring and simulation of quantum many-body systems. Inthe last decade, research and development of QCs have rapidly advanced. Nowhundreds of physical qubits are at our disposal, and one can find severalremarkable experiments actually outperforming the classical computer in aspecific computational task. On the other hand, it is unclear what the typicalusages of the QCs are. Here we conduct an extensive survey on the papers thatare posted in the quant-ph section in arXiv and claim to have used QCs in theirabstracts. To understand the current situation of the research and developmentof the QCs, we evaluated the descriptive statistics about the papers, includingthe number of qubits employed, QPU vendors, application domains and so on. Oursurvey shows that the annual number of publications is increasing, and thetypical number of qubits employed is about six to ten, growing along with theincrease in the quantum volume (QV). Most of the preprints are devoted toapplications such as quantum machine learning, condensed matter physics, andquantum chemistry, while quantum error correction and quantum noise mitigationuse more qubits than the other topics. These imply that the increase in QV isfundamentally relevant, and more experiments for quantum error correction, andnoise mitigation using shallow circuits with more qubits will take place.

A comprehensive survey on quantum computer usage: How many qubits are employed for what purposes?